National Geographic誌は1888年に創刊した。バージニア大学の写真歴史学者であるジョン・エドウィン・メイソン教授が編集部の依頼を受け、2017年秋に調査を実施したところ、1970年代までの同誌は、米国に住む有色人種を肉体労働者や召使いとして以外は事実上無視していたことが明らかとなった。さらに同誌は、米国以外の有色人種については常に「エキゾチックで、ほとんどの人たちが衣服を身につけておらず、狩猟を好み、高潔な野蛮人である」といった決まり文句で報じていたという。
自分たちの過去を批判的な目で検証しているメディアは、National Geographic誌だけではない。New York Times紙は先ごろ、同紙の過去の追悼記事が白人男性の生涯ばかりを取り上げていたことを認めた上で、「Overlooked（見落とされた人たち）」という欄を設け、偉大な女性たちの死を追悼する記事の連載を開始している。
National Geographic誌の4月号には、ゴールドバーグ氏が「何十年もの間、本誌は人種差別的だった。過去を乗り越えるために、私たちはそれを認めなければならない」と題した記事を掲載。同氏はその中で、自身がNational Geographic誌初の女性でユダヤ系の編集長であることを明かしている。
[Wikipedia] Black church https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church The term black church or African-American church refers to Protestant churches that currently or historically have ministered to predominantly black congregations in the United States.
Most of the first black congregations and churches formed before 1800 were founded by free blacks – for example, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Springfield Baptist Church (Augusta, Georgia); Petersburg, Virginia; and Savannah, Georgia.[2] The oldest black Baptist church in Kentucky, and third oldest in the United States, was founded about 1790 by the slave Peter Durrett.[3]
African-American churches have long been the centers of communities, serving as school sites in the early years after the Civil War, taking up social welfare functions, such as providing for the indigent, and going on to establish schools, orphanages and prison ministries. As a result, black churches have fostered strong community organizations and provided spiritual and political leadership, especially during the civil rights movement.
[Wikipedia] Civil rights movement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement The Civil Rights Movement (also known as the American civil rights movement and other terms)[b] was a human rights movement from 1954–1968 that encompassed strategies, groups, and social movements to accomplish its goal of ending legalized racial segregation and discrimination laws in the United States. The movement secured the legal recognition and federal protection of all Americans in the United States Constitution and federal law.
Many popular representations of the movement are centered on the leadership and philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr., who won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the movement. 0256名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 20:36:32.62ID:1FrhbWC20 大事なところだけもう一度書くと。
black churches have fostered strong community organizations and provided spiritual and political leadership, especially during the civil rights movement.
The Civil Rights Movement Many popular representations of the movement are centered on the leadership and philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr., who won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the movement.
Blacks found opportunities to have active roles in new congregations, especially in the Baptist Church, where slaves were appointed as leaders and preachers.
[Wikipedia] Black church https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church History Slavery Evangelical Baptist and Methodist preachers traveled throughout the South in the Great Awakening of the late 18th century. They appealed directly to slaves, and a few thousand slaves converted. Blacks found opportunities to have active roles in new congregations, especially in the Baptist Church, where slaves were appointed as leaders and preachers. 0257名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 20:37:37.00ID:1FrhbWC20 君達日本は、アフリカ系アメリカ人の方を差別するような悪質なデマを流し続けているよね。 マスコミでさえも悪質なデマを流し続けているよね。 0258名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 20:39:21.57ID:oNdvlu5c0>>1 表紙可愛い 0259名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 20:39:59.00ID:1FrhbWC20 福音教会(バプティスト教会)で、アフリカ系アメリカ人の方は人権運動に目覚めた。 この人権運動は、マルチンルーサーキングへとつながる。
1856年に始めて設立されたアフリカ系アメリカ人の方の初のバプティスト教会は、1986年にアメリカ合衆国国家歴史登録財に登録された。 奴隷解放宣言後、北部の自由のアフリカ系のかたがたは、南部の新たに解放されたアフリカ系のかたがたに宣教するために、南部へと渡った。 1895年、バプティスト会議を結成。 アフリカ系アメリカ人の方のバプティスト教会は、宣教・教育・地域社会の共同を担った。 20世紀にいくつもの会ができたが、今でも最大の会である。 慈善団体を編成し、自治警察や消防団を編成した。 学校を設立し地域社会のメンバーと協力する社会を作りし、いろいろな公共サービスをしている。 著名な活動家としては、マルチンルーサーキング Ralph David Abernathy, Bernard Lee, Fred Shuttlesworth, Wyatt Tee Walker and C. T. Vivianなどが上げられる。 地域の共同体として：学校・消防・社会生活などで種々の切捨てをされているが、それにもめげずアフリカ系アメリカ人の方の社会的結合の重要な役割を担っている。
In 1856 First African Baptist built a large Italianate church, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.[15] After emancipation, Northern churches founded by free blacks, as well as those of predominantly white denominations, sent missions to the South to minister to newly freed slaves, including to teach them to read and write. With the rapid growth of black Baptist churches in the South, in 1895 church officials organized a new Baptist association, the National Baptist Convention. It brought together the areas of mission, education and overall cooperation. Despite founding of new black conventions in the early and later 20th century, this is still the largest black religious organization in the United States.[4] They developed black churches, benevolent societies, fraternal orders and fire companies.[22] The black church established and/or maintained the first black schools and encouraged community members to fund these schools and other public services.[8] Notable minister-activists of the 1950s and 1960s included Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph David Abernathy, Bernard Lee, Fred Shuttlesworth, Wyatt Tee Walker and C. T. Vivian.[25][26] As neighborhood institutions Although black urban neighborhoods in cities that have deindustrialized may have suffered from civic disinvestment,[38] with lower quality schools, less effective policing[39] and fire protection, there are institutions that help to improve the physical and social capital of black neighborhoods. In black neighborhoods the churches may be important sources of social cohesion.[40] 0270名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 23:00:39.81ID:1FrhbWC20>>262 発展段階説だ、と言いたいのだろうけど。 (1))だったら、日本人の選民思想がそもそも否定される。 (2)最も大事なことは、アフリカ系アメリカ人の方が自分でやり・書いて・そう考えているということ。
[Wikipedia] National Register of Historic Places https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.
[Wikipedia] Black church https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church Free Blacks In 1856 First African Baptist built a large Italianate church, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.[15]
[Wikipedia] Black church https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church Free Blacks In 1856 First African Baptist built a large Italianate church, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.[15]
Reconstruction After emancipation, Northern churches founded by free blacks, as well as those of predominantly white denominations, sent missions to the South to minister to newly freed slaves, including to teach them to read and write.
At the same time, black Baptist churches, well-established before the Civil War, continued to grow and add new congregations. With the rapid growth of black Baptist churches in the South, in 1895 church officials organized a new Baptist association, the National Baptist Convention. This was the unification of three national black conventions, organized in 1880 and the 1890s. It brought together the areas of mission, education and overall cooperation. Despite founding of new black conventions in the early and later 20th century, this is still the largest black religious organization in the United States.[4] These churches blended elements from underground churches with elements from freely established black churches.[8] The postwar years were marked by a separatist impulse as blacks exercised the right to move and gather beyond white supervision or control. They developed black churches, benevolent societies, fraternal orders and fire companies.[22] Black churches were the focal points of black communities, and their members' quickly seceding from white churches demonstrated their desire to manage their own affairs independently of white supervision. Black preachers provided leadership, encouraged education and economic growth, and were often the primary link between the black and white communities.[ The black church established and/or maintained the first black schools and encouraged community members to fund these schools and other public services.[8] For most black leaders, the churches always were connected to political goals of advancing the race. There grew to be a tension between black leaders from the North and people in the South who wanted to run their churches and worship in their own way.[24] 0278名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 23:10:06.04ID:1FrhbWC20 [Wikipedia] Black church https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church Since the male hierarchy denied them opportunities for ordination, middle-class women in the black church asserted themselves in other ways: they organized missionary societies to address social issues. These societies provided job training and reading education, worked for better living conditions, raised money for African missions, wrote religious periodicals, and promoted Victorian ideals of womanhood, respectability, and racial uplift.[4]
Civil Rights Movement Black churches held a leadership role in the American Civil Rights Movement. Their history as a centers of strength for the black community made them natural leaders in this moral struggle. Notable minister-activists of the 1950s and 1960s included Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph David Abernathy, Bernard Lee, Fred Shuttlesworth, Wyatt Tee Walker and C. T. Vivian.[25][26]
Politics and social issues The black church continues to be a source of support for members of the African-American community. When compared to American churches as a whole, black churches tend to focus more on social issues such as poverty, gang violence, drug use, prison ministries and racism. A study found that black Christians were more likely to have heard about health care reform from their pastors than were white Christians.[27]
Most surveys indicate that while blacks tend to vote Democratic in elections, members of traditionally African-American churches are generally more socially conservative than white Protestants as a whole.[28] 0279名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 23:10:24.06ID:1FrhbWC20 [Wikipedia] Black church https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church As neighborhood institutions Although black urban neighborhoods in cities that have deindustrialized may have suffered from civic disinvestment,[38] with lower quality schools, less effective policing[39] and fire protection, there are institutions that help to improve the physical and social capital of black neighborhoods. In black neighborhoods the churches may be important sources of social cohesion.[40] For some African Americans the kind of spirituality learned through these churches works as a protective factor against the corrosive forces of poverty and racism.[41][42]
Churches may also do work to improve the physical infrastructure of the neighborhood. Churches in Harlem have undertaken real estate ventures and renovated burnt-out and abandoned brownstones to create new housing for residents.[43] Churches have fought for the right to operate their own schools in place of the often inadequate public schools found in many black neighborhoods.[44]
National Baptist Convention The National Baptist Convention was first organized in 1880 as the Foreign Mission Baptist Convention in Montgomery, Alabama. Its founders, including Elias Camp Morris, stressed the preaching of the gospel as an answer to the shortcomings of a segregated church. In 1895, Morris moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and founded the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc., as a merger of the Foreign Mission Convention, the American National Baptist Convention, and the Baptist National Education Convention.[48] 0280名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 23:12:35.49ID:1FrhbWC20>>270誤字脱字 アフリカ系アメリカ人地震がバプティスト教会を広めている。 ↓ アフリカ系アメリカ人自身がバプティスト教会を広めている。 0281名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 23:12:42.88ID:/9ptoLwz0>>15 お、おう、ユダヤ人をディスってるのか？ 背中に気をつけろよｗ 0282名無しさん＠１周年2018/03/15(木) 23:16:15.41ID:lcDl4HK80>>271 ＞どこかのサイトでアフリカ系アメリカ人の方が言っていた ＞「結局のところ、自分達のコミュニティで金を回すしかないんだ。よそ者は信用できない」
